WHAT?
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released it's Annual Report 2024–25, on May 30, 2025 in which it highlighted the growth and issues in many sectors listed below.
Economic Performance
- GDP Growth: India's GDP grew by 6.5% in FY25, maintaining its status as the world's fastest-growing major economy.
- Agriculture: GVA increased by 4.6%, up from 2.7% the previous year.
- Industry: Growth slowed to 4.3%.
- Services: Expanded by 7.5%, contributing 64.1% to GVA.
RBI Financials
- Balance Sheet: Expanded by 8.2% year-on-year.
- Total Income: Increased by 22.77%, driven by a 33% rise in forex transaction gains and higher investment returns.
- Surplus Transfer: A record ₹2.68 lakh crore was transferred to the central government, up 27.37% from the previous year.
Asset Composition
- Gold Holdings: Increased by 57.48 metric tonnes, totaling 879.58 metric tonnes.
- Foreign Assets: Comprised 74.27% of total assets.
- Domestic Assets: Accounted for 25.73%.
Inflation & Monetary Policy
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Headline Inflation: Moderated to 4.6% in FY25 from 5.4% in FY24.
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Core Inflation: Stood at 3.5%.
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Food Inflation: Decreased to 2.9% by March 2025.
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Fuel Prices: Experienced a deflation of 2.5% due to softer global energy prices.
Monetary Policy
- Repo Rate: Maintained at 6.50% throughout FY25.
- Policy Stance: Shifted from “withdrawal of accommodation” to “neutral” in October 2024.
- Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): Reduced to 4% in December 2024 to ease liquidity pressures.
Digital Payments & Financial Inclusion
- Digital Transactions: Volume Growth: Increased by 34.8%.
- Value Growth: Rose by 17.9%.
- UPI: Accounted for 48.5% of global real-time payments by volume.
- Financial Inclusion Index: Improved from 60.1 in 2023 to 64.2 in 2024, indicating deeper usage of financial services.
Currency Management & Digital Rupee (CBDC)
- e-Rupee Circulation: Surged to ₹1,016 crore by March 2025, up from ₹234 crore a year earlier.
- Discontinuation: RBI ceased printing ₹2, ₹5, and ₹2000 notes.
- ₹500 Note: Became dominant, comprising 40.9% of all notes and 86% of the value in circulation.
Banking Sector Health
- Gross NPA Ratio: Dropped to a 13-year low of 2.5%.
- Net NPA Ratio: Decreased to 0.57%.
- Profitability: Banks' profitability improved for the sixth consecutive year.
- Regulatory Measures: RBI emphasized the need for banks and NBFCs to strengthen risk management and IT governance standards.
Outlook for FY26
- GDP Projection: India is expected to sustain a growth rate of 6.5%.
- Inflation Target: Aims to maintain inflation around 4.0%, with risks balanced.
- Fiscal Deficit: The central government targets a reduction to 4.4% of GDP, aiming for a declining public debt-to-GDP ratio reaching 50% by 2031.
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