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Inflation, Monetary Policy and RBI

Summary of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Annual Report 2024–25

05 Jun 2025 Zinkpot 152
Summary of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Annual Report 2024–25

WHAT?

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released it's Annual Report 2024–25, on May 30, 2025 in which it highlighted the growth and issues in many sectors listed below.


Economic Performance
 

  • GDP Growth: India's GDP grew by 6.5% in FY25, maintaining its status as the world's fastest-growing major economy. 
  • Agriculture: GVA increased by 4.6%, up from 2.7% the previous year.
  • Industry: Growth slowed to 4.3%.
  • Services: Expanded by 7.5%, contributing 64.1% to GVA.

 

RBI Financials
 

  • Balance Sheet: Expanded by 8.2% year-on-year. 
  • Total Income: Increased by 22.77%, driven by a 33% rise in forex transaction gains and higher investment returns.
  • Surplus Transfer: A record ₹2.68 lakh crore was transferred to the central government, up 27.37% from the previous year.

 

Asset Composition

 

  • Gold Holdings: Increased by 57.48 metric tonnes, totaling 879.58 metric tonnes.
  • Foreign Assets: Comprised 74.27% of total assets.
  • Domestic Assets: Accounted for 25.73%.

 

Inflation & Monetary Policy
 

  • Headline Inflation: Moderated to 4.6% in FY25 from 5.4% in FY24.

  • Core Inflation: Stood at 3.5%.

  • Food Inflation: Decreased to 2.9% by March 2025.

  • Fuel Prices: Experienced a deflation of 2.5% due to softer global energy prices.
     

 

Monetary Policy

 

  • Repo Rate: Maintained at 6.50% throughout FY25.
  • Policy Stance: Shifted from “withdrawal of accommodation” to “neutral” in October 2024.
  • Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): Reduced to 4% in December 2024 to ease liquidity pressures.

 

Digital Payments & Financial Inclusion
 

  • Digital Transactions:  Volume Growth: Increased by 34.8%.
  • Value Growth: Rose by 17.9%.
  • UPI: Accounted for 48.5% of global real-time payments by volume.
  • Financial Inclusion Index: Improved from 60.1 in 2023 to 64.2 in 2024, indicating deeper usage of financial services.

 

Currency Management & Digital Rupee (CBDC)
 

  • e-Rupee Circulation: Surged to ₹1,016 crore by March 2025, up from ₹234 crore a year earlier. 
  • Discontinuation: RBI ceased printing ₹2, ₹5, and ₹2000 notes.
  • ₹500 Note: Became dominant, comprising 40.9% of all notes and 86% of the value in circulation. 
     

Banking Sector Health
 

  • Gross NPA Ratio: Dropped to a 13-year low of 2.5%.
  • Net NPA Ratio: Decreased to 0.57%. 
  • Profitability: Banks' profitability improved for the sixth consecutive year.
  • Regulatory Measures: RBI emphasized the need for banks and NBFCs to strengthen risk management and IT governance standards.

 

Outlook for FY26
 

  • GDP Projection: India is expected to sustain a growth rate of 6.5%.
  • Inflation Target: Aims to maintain inflation around 4.0%, with risks balanced.
  • Fiscal Deficit: The central government targets a reduction to 4.4% of GDP, aiming for a declining public debt-to-GDP ratio reaching 50% by 2031.

 

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